Learn how a local Hong Kong bank became one of the world’s largest financial services organisations. Where in battle great armies in met. Current politics swirls around defining what Hong Kong is. Kai Cheong Fok, Lectures on Hong Kong History. Hong Kong. Occupy Central with Love and Peace (OCLP; 讓愛與和平佔領中環 or 和平佔中) was a single-purpose Hong Kong civil disobedience campaign convened by Reverend Chu Yiu-ming, Dr Benny Tai Yiu-ting, and Chan Kin-man on 27 March 2013. Bickley, Gillian. Wiltshire, Trea. Lantau Island was also a salt production centre, where riots by salt smugglers against the government broke out. With inventories of im­ported goods warehoused locally Hong Kong merchants were able to make rapid deliveries to neigh­boring countries. ", Martyrs, Mystery and Memory Behind the Colonial Shift, Dr Howard M Scott "Images of Hong Kong - Journal", Historical and statistical abstract of the colony of Hongkong (1907), Opening of the Hong Kong International Airport, Director of Immigration v. Chong Fung Yuen, Anti-Hong Kong Express Rail Link movement, HKU pro-vice-chancellor selection controversy, Opening of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge, NPC decision on national security legislation, claimed by the People's Republic of China, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Hong_Kong&oldid=1017176321, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from September 2019, All Wikipedia articles written in Hong Kong English, Articles needing additional references from August 2019, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from September 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong was peaceably handed over to China in a ceremony attended by numerous Chinese and British dignitaries. Such schools are international schools, which teach in English. In 1984, the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration, which incited a wave of emigration from Hong Kong. Hong Kong remains an individual member of various international organizations, such as the. By the end of the war in 1945, Hong Kong had been liberated by joint British and Chinese troops. Hong Kong has been the subject of a number of academic and popular works of history, and research and heritage projects, but there is much that remains under-explored. Hong Kong is a part of China, but it has a unique history that affects the way people from Hong Kong (also known as Hongkongers) interact with and perceive the mainland today. Facebook Twitter Pinterest Email WhatsApp. Pre-1842. Christian missionaries founded many schools and churches in Hong Kong. By the late 19th century China grew most of the opium it used. The tiny island of Hong Kong … Under the demand of the Tang clan in 1924, the gate was eventually returned in 1925 by the 16th governor, Sir Reginald Stubbs. Learn how a local Hong Kong bank became one of the world’s largest financial services organisations. After the Second Opium War (1898, Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) the British negotiated a lease of the "New Territories" in which the British would receive newer outlying islands for 99 years. Good summary of Hong Kong's history Review of Hong Kong Museum of History Reviewed July 31, 2016 It's a good and cheap way to have a brief idea of Hong Kong's history: the historical attractions are very well reconstructed (except the one from paleolitic era) with really cool models and not too much people around, even during weekends. Under the "one country, two systems" arrangement, it has some autonomy, and its people more rights. Events like the 1967 riot filled the streets with home-made bombs and chaos. THE EARLY COLONIAL PERIOD: A NEW COLONY Building on the new colony … Bronze appeared in the second millennium BC and weapons and tools like axes and fishhooks were found. Trading between Portugal and China started soon after. Post-British Hong Kong is just turning 18 years old. Biographers like to say that the most formative period in a person’s life is that from late teenage into adulthood, roughly from 17 to 21 years of age. More refugees came during the Great Leap Forward. Hong Kong is a popular tourist destination in southeastern Asia, with a mixture of Eastern and Western cultural influences. For local travel rickshaws gave way to buses, ferries, and trams. This agreement was part of the Convention of Beijing that ended that conflict. At the same time, many foreign firms relocated their offices from Shanghai to Hong Kong. [42], In 1860, at the end of the Second Opium War, the UK gained a perpetual lease over the Kowloon Peninsula, which is the mainland Chinese area just across the strait from Hong Kong Island. China Mike’s Hong Kong History for Dummies: A non-boring timeline. The Qing-dynasty Chinese pirate Cheung Po Tsai became a legend in Hong Kong. (Anm. The corruption was so widespread that a mass police petition took place resisting prosecutions. THE island metropolis of Hong Kong is uniquely both a part of, and independent to, mainland China. On 1 July 1997, Hong Kong was handed over to Communist China by the United Kingdom. The new millennium signalled a series of events. History; Education; Latest Stories Hong Kong--A Success Story. Hong Kong is a special administrative region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China. Executive Summary . 12th century – Hong Kong is a sparsely populated area dominated by the Five Clans – Hau, Tang, Liu, Man and Pang. The music world also saw a new group of cantopop stars like Anita Mui and Leslie Cheung. The tourism industry began to formalise. The resulting meeting led to the signing of Sino-British Joint Declaration and the proposal of the One country, two systems concept by Deng Xiaoping. [57] On 1 March, HKMAO director Xia Baolong in the seminar of "patriots governing Hong Kong" stated that Hong Kong must establish a "democratic electoral system with Hong Kong characteristics."[58]. After several unsuccessful attacks by the British troops, the iron gate was blasted open. It became unlawful to own Hong Kong Dollars, which were replaced by the Japanese Military Yen, a currency without reserves issued by the Imperial Japanese Army administration. [37] Every industry went through major transformation and growth. Canada. Archeological studies have uncovered stone tools, pottery and other artifacts. [38] This was a crucial step in separating Hong Kong from mainland China during the political turmoil associated with the falling Qing dynasty. Aboriginal Canadians are First Nations Métis and Inuits who occupied Canada long before Europeans had even set foot in the country. How Hong Kong’s complex history explains its current crisis with China. [17] The stone tools found in Sai Kung were perhaps from a stone tool making ground from perhaps the Late Neolithic Period or Early Bronze Age. The pro-Beijing bloc welcomed the Basic Law, calling it the most democratic legal system to ever exist in the PRC. Old Hong Kong - Volume One. Starting out as a farming fishing village and salt production site, it became an important free port and eventually a major international financial centre. Meanwhile, Hong Kong was now recognised as one of the wealthiest representatives of the far east. Hong Kong has been the subject of a number of academic and popular works of history, and research and heritage projects, but there is much that remains under-explored. The political and institutional system made only minimal changes due to the political instability in Mainland China at that time (aforementioned) which caused an influx of mainland residents to Hong Kong. Under the Tang dynasty, the Guangdong region flourished as an international trading centre. [2] Britain also won the Second Opium War, forcing the Qing Empire to cede Kowloon in 1860, while leasing the New Territories for 99 years from 1898.[3][4]. The 2016 Legislative council election saw the localists emerging as a new political force behind the pro-Beijing and pan-democracy camps by winning six seats in Hong Kong's geographical constituencies. During the Jin dynasty until the early Tang dynasty, Hong Kong was governed by Bao'an County. Sun attended To Tsai Church (道濟會堂, founded by the London Missionary Society in 1888) while he studied in this College. At the same time, the warnings of the 1997 handover raised emigration statistics to historic highs. Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China with a degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense The Return to China Formally, no treaty forced the British to also return Hong Kong Island and Kowloon in 1997. Hong Kong’s Role in Modern Chinese History, Hongkong 1984, S. 12–23. Immigration requirements are policy-based rather than set out in legislation. Lim, Patricia. [35] A Chinese commissioner Lin Zexu voiced to Queen Victoria the Qing state's opposition to the opium trade. The PAULINIAN STORY begins here in the wheatfields of the region of Beauce, France 2. INTRODUCTION : THE HONG KONG HISTORY PROJECT Biographers like to say that the most formative period in a person’s life is that from late teenage into adulthood, roughly from 17 to 21 years of age. Tuesday, March 1, 1960. [43], On 19 December 1984, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Chinese Premier Zhao Ziyang signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration, in which Britain agreed to return not only the New Territories but also Kowloon and Hong Kong itself when the lease term expired. Hong Kong: The Road to 1997 By Roger Buckley. Siu-Kai, Lau. A sizeable portion of the population that was previously against the handover found itself living with the adjustments. The coming of the Warring States period brought an influx of Yuet people from the north into the area. BEAUCE… 3. A "decision on improving the electoral system of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region" was passed by the National People's Congress (NPC) on 11 March 2021 to rewrite the election rules in Hong Kong to ensure a system of "patriots governing Hong Kong. Political news dominated the media, while real estate took a major upswing. Hong Kong then became a British crown colony. Hong Kong's population recovered with yet another flow of refugees. In Hongkong gibt es über 60 Zeitungen. The region of Hong Kong has been inhabited since the Old Stone Age, later becoming part of the Chinese empire with its loose incorporation into the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC). Before the British government colonised the New Territories and New Kowloon in 1898, Punti, Hakka, Tanka and Hokkien people had migrated to and stayed in Hong Kong for many years. The period is considered a turning point for Hong Kong's economy. After the Great Clearance policy, ordered by the Kangxi Emperor, many Hakka people migrated from inland China to Xin'an County, which included modern Hong Kong. The Golden Needle: The Biography of Frederick Stewart (1836-1889). New opportunities were vigorously sought in South­east Asia. The bill would make it legal for China to extradite criminals from Hong Kong, potentially including political prisoners. Some argue that it always was and so must be a Chinese city. A brief history of Hong Kong: From quiet backwater to modern-day metropolis Modern-day Hong Kong is best known for its sprawl of skyscrapers, a bustling financial hub off the … This time it was the end of the Nationalist government of China as the resurgent Communist forces seized control of China proper. A chronology of important dates from Hong Kong's history to the present day. History museum’s ‘Hong Kong Story’ was far from perfect, but it now faces a gov’t-sanctioned revamp by Guest Contributor 09:00, 18 October 2020 18:08, 16 October 2020. [citation needed]. HSBC has developed a number of traditions over its years in business and employed people who would later find fame in other fields. This group of islands infact formed a part of the kingdom of Ashoka, the famed Buddhist emperor of India. In 1513 the Portuguese explorer Jorge Alvares arrived in Hong Kong. Nonetheless the crisis in mainland China in the 1920s and 1930s left Hong Kong vulnerable to a strategic invasion from Imperial Japan. The early industrial centres, where many of the workers spent the majority of their days, turned out anything that could be produced with small space from buttons, artificial flowers, umbrellas, textile, enamelware, footwear to plastics. The island became a Crown Colony of the British Empire.[36]. The settlers in this area during that time were the Che people, who also settled on the coast of Southern China. [14] In 2020, the National People's Congress passed a national security law that was highly scrutinized by the pro-democracy faction; it was a catalyst that provoked many protests throughout the territory. China's cultural revolution put Hong Kong on a new political stage. The pro-democratic bloc criticised it as not democratic enough. In order to consolidate its rule, constitutional changes, the Young Plan, were proposed in response to the trend of decolonization so as to meet the needs of the people. Aboriginal Canadians are First Nations Métis and Inuits who occupied Canada long before Europeans had even set foot in the country. British citizens (without the right of abode) are no longer able to work in Hong Kong for one year without a visa; the policy was changed on 1 April 1997. Read more. Saw Swee-Hock/Chiu Wing Kin, Population Growth and Redistribution in Hong Kong, 1841–1975, in: Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science 4/1975, S. 124; David Faure et al., The Hong Kong Region According to Historical Inscriptions, in: ders. During the Ming dynasty, Hong Kong was administered by Xin'an County. It was quite wild and outdated region consisting from few fisherman`s hats. [7] The Chinese economic reform prompted manufacturers to relocate to China, leading Hong Kong to develop its commercial and financial industry. Field of LIFE but once, plain of DEATH 6. All statues of British monarchs like Queen Victoria and King George remain. However, many schools teach in. Tung Chee Hwa assumed duty as the first Chief Executive of Hong Kong, elected in December by a selection committee with members appointed by the PRC government. History of modern Hong Kong started at the beginning of XIX century. The British and the Indians retreated from the Gin Drinker's Line and consequently from Kowloon under heavy aerial bombardment and artillery barrage. The Paulinian Story & History 1. After the Second Opium War (1898) the British negotiated a lease of the "New Territories" in which the British would receive newer outlying islands for 99 years. When the Union Flag was raised over Possession Point on 26 January 1841, the population of Hong Kong island was about 7,450, mostly Tanka fishermen and Hakka charcoal burners living in a number of coastal villages. Some of the biggest names included Jackie Chan and Chow Yun-fat. The college was the forerunner of the School of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong, which was established in 1911. Patten had been Chairman of the Conservative Party in the UK until he lost his parliamentary seat in the general election earlier that year. While Hong Kong started out with a low GDP, it used the textile industry as the foundation to boost the economy. Culture. Die staatliche Rundfunkgesellschaft Radio Television Hong Kong überträgt sieben verschiedene Programme in Chinesisch und Englisch; außerdem gibt es mehrere kommerzielle Sender wie die Satellitenfunkgesellschaft Star TV. 2 . 1850 – The population of Hong Kong stands at 32,000. The gate was then shipped to London for exhibition. British lease of Kowloon and the New Territories, Modern Hong Kong under British rule (1950s–1997), Modern Hong Kong after the handover (1997–present), R. Derek Wood, "The Treaty of Nanking: Form and the foreign office, 1842–43. Canada - Culture. Bomb disposal experts from the police and the British military defused as many as 8,000 home-made bombs. A summary of Canadian history. Western-style education made advances through the efforts of Frederick Stewart. It began with the Rothschild’s British East India Company that existed from the early 1700s to nearly 1900, when Rothschild conceived the idea of inflicting opium onto China. Its manifesto called for occupation of the region's central business district if such reforms were not made. On the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress established the Hong Kong National Security Law which came into effect on 1 July 2020. The First Opium War which ensued lasted from 1839 to 1842. HONG KONG IN 1839 China clamped down on the … The recent history of Hong Kong doesn’t begin where most Westerners might imagine. All of these regions were still under Chinese control when the empire went t… The PRC government viewed this as a breach of the Basic Law. Brief History of Hong Kong: The area that is today Hong Kong was settled by the Han Chinese dynasty in the 7th century. You probably know that Hong Kong owes its founding to British merchants and their Indian… Hong Kong Attractions | What to see & do in Hong Kong. Japan occupied Hong Kong from 1941 to 1945 during the Second World War. [9][10], In the 21st century, Hong Kong has continued to enjoy success as a financial centre. Secondary schools must teach in Cantonese unless approved by the Education Bureau. Central, Hong Kong: Text Form Asia books Ltd. ISBN Volume One 962-7283-59-2. The early 1970s saw legislation requiring equal pay and benefits for equal work by men and women, including the right for married women to be permanent employees.[49][50][51]. During the Japanese occupation, hyper-inflation and food rationing became the norm of daily lives. Hong Kong's history has been written since 214 BC, when the first emperor of China conquered the native Baiyue tribes who inhabited the island. [13] In 2019, the proposed Hong Kong extradition bill was seen as another step taken by the Chinese Communist Party to undermine the law and human rights in Hong Kong, instigating multiple protests. Island named as Hong Kong didn't represent anything special about itself before the moment when its became the first British possession in China. The Yuet people competed and assimilated with the indigenous Che people. The tiny island of Hong Kong … From the Monthly Letter of the First Na­tional City Bank of New York, December 1959. [33][34] While the British exported to China luxury items like clocks, watches, there remained an overwhelming imbalance in trade. The border with the mainland continues to be patrolled as before. Upstaged by the Hong Kong Federation of Students (HKFS) and Scholarism in September 2014, its leaders joined in the Occupy Central protests. The Punti and Hokkien lived in the New Territories while the Tanka and Hakka lived both in the New Territories and Hong Kong Island. Cambridge University Press. A chronology of key events: 1842 - China cedes Hong Kong island to Britain after the First Opium War. Below is a brief timeline of Hong Kong’s history to help explain the background to the ongoing protests, with a particular focus on the past 200 years. [First published 1987] (republished & reduced 2003). During successive imperial reigns, Hong Kong was used as a trading outpost and military defence post to keep foreign invaders at bay, like the Mongols in 1276. Sometimes small corners of the map can have outsized effects on the surrounding world. After Deng Xiaoping took over and assigned Hong Kong an importent role as a gate to the West, Hong Kong started booming. Many left Hong Kong for the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, and anywhere else in the world without any communist influence. Until 1997, Hong Kong was ruled by Britain as a colony but then returned to China. The timeline starts at the area’s earliest recorded mention through to World War Two, taking in the major moments in Hong Kong history. Human activity on Hong Kong dates back over five millennia and there were early influences from northern Chinese stone-age cultures. Post-British Hong Kong is just turning 18 years old. 1898 and all that—a brief history of Hong Kong. Large squatter camps developed throughout the territory providing homes for the massive and growing number of immigrants. However, her proposal of the Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019 has led to mass demonstrations against its implementation. Hong Kong was occupied by Japan from 23 December 1941 to 15 August 1945. Read more. Old Hong Kong – Volume Three. Mon 1 Jul 2002 11.04 EDT . A brief history of Hong Kong since the 1997 handover By Time Out Hong Kong Posted: Friday 28 June 2019, 10:32 am. FIRST, SOME BORING EARLY HISTORY… Circa 4000 BC: The first stone-age settlements are established on the south China coast. The government also dealt with the SARS outbreak in 2003. China's own economic advance since the late 1970s then helped transform Hong Kong from a manufacturing to a services-led economy. The old Legislative Council, elected under Chris Patten's reforms, was replaced by the Provisional Legislative Council elected by a selection committee whose members were appointed by the PRC government. Jun 26th 1997. 2018. Field of golden grain… 4. How Hong Kong’s complex history explains its current crisis with China. Jahrhunderts (Han-Dynastie) wurde das Gebiet des heutigen Hongkong von Han-Chinesen besiedelt, was durch die Ausgrabung einer antiken Begräbnisstätte bei Lei Cheung Uk in Kowloon zu Tage kam. However, Hong Kong during World War I saw no direct military action, and Hong Kong's population continued to boom in the following decades from 530,000 in 1916 to 725,000 in 1925. No. The 415 metre (1,362-feet) tall 88 storey Two International Finance Centre, completed in 2003, previously Hong Kong's tallest building, has been eclipsed by the 484 metre (1,588-feet) tall, 118 storey International Commerce Centre in West Kowloon, which was topped-out in 2010 and remains the tallest skyscraper in Hong Kong. They defended themselves in Kat Hing Wai, a walled village. VERWALTUNG UND POLITIK Hongkong wurde bis zum 30. History. Most of these refugees were Chinese Song dynasty loyalists fleeing the Mongol conquest of Song China. In Insignificance, Xu Xi ambitiously claimed that she was doing a little bit of what Dream of the Red Chamber was doing—to create classic images of what a Chinese novel coming into the modern world was like.. Insignificance is a collection of eleven short fictions dealing prominently with questions of the identity of Hong Kong people. Article 23 became a controversy, and led to marches in different parts of Hong Kong with as many as 750,000 people out of a population of approximately 6,800,000 at the time.